A 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up appointment. He has history of HIV managed with multiple medications. Current CD4 count is 550/μL. Physical examination shows a puffy face, an enlarged fat pad at the nape of the neck, central obesity, and diminished muscle mass in the limbs. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this patient’s presentation?

A) Abacavir
B) Didanosine
C) Efavirenz
D) Ritonavir
E) Zidovudine

A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-day history of a sore left ankle. He has a history of chronic kidney disease due to granulomatosis with polyangiitis for which he takes prednisone. The agent responsible for this patient’s acute presentation inhibits which of the following, and what condition was he most likely treated for?

A) DNA gyrase; cellulitis
B) DNA gyrase; septic arthritis
C) DNA polymerase; aseptic meningitis
D) DNA polymerase; retinitis
E) Nicking of DNA; pyelonephritis
F) Topoisomerase II; squamous cell carcinoma

A 34-year-old woman is evaluated at the outpatient clinic. Vitals are normal.

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?

A) 30S inhibitor
B) 50S inhibitor
C) Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
D) DNA gyrase inhibitor
E) Forms toxic metabolites

A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for a 3-day history of worsening redness on his left hand. She cannot recall any specific trauma or incident that precipitated the lesion. Physical examination demonstrates erythema and desquamation along the dorsomedial aspect of the right hand. Temperature is 99.5 F. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy?

A) Amoxicillin
B) Ceftriaxone
C) Flucloxacillin
D) Gentamicin
E) Vancomycin

A 52-year-old man comes to the physician for a health maintenance examination. He has no past medical history. One month ago, his blood pressure was recorded at 150/92. Two weeks ago, two blood pressure measurements, 15 minutes apart, were 150/90 and 148/91. Today, his blood pressure is 150/90. His BMI is 23. He does not drink or smoke. HbA1c is 5%. Urinalysis and blood work are both normal. Hydrochlorothiazide is commenced. Which of the following is most likely to be seen in this patient as a result of this pharmacotherapy?

A) Decreased TRPV5 channel activity
B) Decreased apical sodium/calcium symport activity
C) Increased apical calcium antiport activity
D) Increased basolateral calcium reabsorption
E) Increased basolateral sodium reabsorption

A 46-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up appointment. Two weeks ago, his blood pressure was recorded at 150/95. Today, repeat blood pressure measurement is 151/95. BMI is 24. The patient is commenced on enalapril. Which of the following is most likely to be seen in this patient as a result of this pharmacotherapy?

A) Decreased efferent arteriolar diameter
B) Increased ejection fraction
C) Increased proximal convoluted tubule sodium reabsorption
D) Increased serum bicarbonate
E) Kaliuresis

A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 2-week history of a lesion on her left leg. She lives with three dogs and frequently uses yoga mats at the gym. The most appropriate pharmacologic therapy for this patient inhibits which of the following?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Demethylation
C) Epoxidase
D) RNA synthesis
E) Tubulin

A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician for 2-day history of dysuria. She has a 20-year history of type II diabetes mellitus managed with insulin. BMI is 30. Temperature is 100.1 F. Physical examination shows decreased pinprick sensation on the lower extremities up to the knees. There is a small suprapubic enlargement. She is sent to hospital for catheter insertion and administration of antibiotics. At discharge, which of the following medications might be beneficial for this patient?

A) Bethanechol
B) Neostigmine
C) Oxybutynin
D) Pilocarpine
E) Ticlopidine

A 29-year-old man comes to the physician for a 12-hour history of severe abdominal pain that radiates to his back. He has been on the methadone program for 6 months and takes numerous medications. Serum amylase and lipase are 4x the upper limit of normal. Which of the following pharmacologic agents is most likely responsible for this patient’s acute presentation?

A) Didanosine
B) Efavirenz
C) Ritonavir
D) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
E) Zidovudine

A 31-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up appointment. She was recently started on a medication for her condition diagnosed via light microscopy two weeks ago as shown.

The pharmacologic therapy prescribed to this patient can also be used to treat which of the following?

A) Acanthamoeba
B) Atypical pneumonia
C) Ehrlichia chaffeensis
D) Endocarditis
E) Giardia lamblia