A 59-year-old man comes to the physician for a 5-month history of progressively worsening shortness of breath. Physical examination shows diffuse dry inspiratory crackles. Blood pressure is 120/80.

Which of the following is most likely to be predominant in this patient’s pathology?
A) Aleveolar dead space
B) Anatomic dead space
C) Physiologic dead space
D) Shunt
E) V/Q elevation

