A 43-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up appointment. He has a 4-month history of occasional regurgitation of undigested food. Physical examination shows tightening of the skin of the fingers, with small calcium deposits in the pulps of some of the fingers. Which of the following is most likely to be seen in this patient?
A) Bird’s beak appearance
B) Cricopharyngeal muscle spasm
C) Esophageal fibrosis
D) Loss of NO- and VIP-secreting neurons
E) Schatzki ring
