Surgery

  HY lecture notes: Short clip, but some hard transfusion concepts, so the brevity is warranted. High-yield Transfusion Reactions MEHLMANMEDICAL.COM Signs/Symptoms Mechanism Management Notes Febrile Non-hemolytic Transfusion reaction Fever, chills, …

  HY lecture notes: Pathologic jaundice in peds = must have at least one of the following: Any jaundice on the first day of life (first 24 hours of life), …

  HY lecture notes: How does isolated left heart failure present? → fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) +/- pleural effusion; orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND); depending on the etiology …

  HY lecture notes: 87F + coffee bean sign on AXR + obstipated; Dx? → sigmoid volvulus. Tx for sigmoid volvulus? → answer on surgery NBME = “sigmoidoscopy-guided placement of …

  HY lecture notes: Recurrent bouts of acute pancreatitis cause chronic pancreatitis –> pancreatic enzymes will usually be normal on the NBME/USMLE because of exocrine pancreas burn out – i.e., …

  HY lecture notes: Most common cause of carotid plaques? –> HTN –> the strong systolic impulse from the heart pounds the carotids –> endothelial damage –> atherosclerosis. 55M + …

  HY lecture notes: Medial malleolus ulcer + hyperpigmentation of lower legs; Dx? –> chronic venous insufficiency. Punched-out ulcer on foot + intermittent claudication; Dx? –> arterial insufficiency (peripheral vascular …

  HY lecture notes: Shelf and 2CK will want you to know how to manage thyroid nodules. Firstly, if the Q tells you a patient walks in and asks about …

  HY lecture notes: For majority of electrolyte disturbance Qs on the USMLE, answer will be simple normal saline (0.9% NaCl or Ringer lactate). For low K (normal range 3.5-5.0 …