A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 7-month history of progressively worsening pain in her left hip. The pain is worse when she walks around the grocery store and the shopping street nearby her home. Otherwise she spends most of the day at home watching TV, and there’s less pain during this time. She has been smoking one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. She drinks two glasses of wine with dinner every evening. She is 5’2″ (162 cm) and 180 pounds (80 kg). HbA1c is 7.0%. Physical examination shows 5/5 strength in all four extremities, with slight pain elicited in the left hip on passive and active motion. She uses acetaminophen and ibuprofen to manage the pain, where the combination works to a moderate degree. Vitals are: temp 98.6 F, HR 80, RR 16, BP 150/90. Which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient’s condition?
A) Alcohol cessation
B) Blood pressure management
C) Glycemic control
D) Reduced calorie diet
E) Smoking cessation
